Assessment summary
The summary table presents our expert opinion on a single comparable assessment of status and trend across all components assessed for clean and safe seas. We have done this by assigning a single colour for status where: green indicates few or no problems, amber indicates some problems and red indicates many problems. Trend arrows are also provided based on the evidence available, showing whether the state or condition of the component is improving
or deteriorating
, or where there is no overall trend discernable
. The confidence rating of each assessment is also estimated in the associated Feeder Report, based on the criteria developed by the UK Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP). Assessments which have been made with low confidence are indicated in the summary table.
A more detailed discussion of the rationale for this approach, ‘traffic-light’ status, and the confidence assessment is given in Chapter 1.
The ‘traffic light’ status assigned originates from the detailed assessments made for each component in the Feeder Report. Each component assessment section in the Feeder Report was accompanied by a table which summarised the findings if sufficient evidence was available.
The Feeder Report assessments provide valuable additional information that can be used to give context to the summary assessments in the summary table and provide a broader understanding of each component, its status and the pressures to which it is subject.
Summary Table - Clean Seas
Components currently assessed | Region
|
|---|---|
Hazardous substances |
Main sources are inputs from rivers, the atmosphere, various industries and agriculture. These sources are subject to controls. In some limited areas marine biota are at risk, particularly near to the main sources in industrialised estuaries. Reservoirs in sediments due to historical contamination will take many years to dissipate to background concentrations due to persistency of the substances. |
Radioactivity |
Main sources are discharges from the nuclear sector and hospitals and the offshore oil and gas industry which discharges naturally occurring radionuclides. Received doses of radioactivity to both humans and wildlife continue to be well within regulatory limits. |
Eutrophication |
Main sources are inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from sewage works and agriculture. Ecosystems are at risk if eutrophication occurs. A few very small coastal harbours and embayments with limited water circulation experience eutrophication problems. Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to these are controlled. |
Oil / chemical spills |
Main sources are accidental spills from ships and the offshore oil and gas industry. Ecosystems, habitats and species may be at risk if loads are significant. Where significant tonnages are spilt, regional monitoring programmes are implemented to assess risk. Assessment of cumulative impact is problematic. |
Beach litter |
Main sources are the general public, fishing, sewage discharges and shipping. Aesthetic, economic and environmental impacts may occur if levels are high. Only limited data available for Regions 6, 7 and 8. |
Offshore litter |
Main sources are from fishing/shipping and plastics discarded on land and at sea. There is insufficient evidence or criteria to assess impacts and state on a regional basis, but several surveys indicate that marine litter accumulates in certain locations due to sea currents. |
Noise |
Main anthropogenic sources are explosions used in construction and demolition, shipping, seismic surveys, offshore construction and industrial activities and sonar of various types. There is insufficient evidence or criteria to assess impacts and state on a regional basis, but research indicates that cetaceans and fish may be affected by specific noises. |

Summary Table - Safe Seas
Components currently assessed | Region
|
|---|---|
Microbiological quality of bathing waters |
The main source is bacteria and viruses originating from sewage treatment works. In 2007 96% of bathing waters met the imperative standard of the EC Bathing Waters Directive, which indicates that water quality is acceptable, and should present a minimal risk to human health. However, the standards are being tightened under the new Bathing Waters Directive to give a higher level of protection. |
Microbiological quality of shellfish growing waters |
The main source is bacteria and viruses from sewage treatment works. Concentrations of indicator bacteria in shellfish have not consistently met the most stringent standards. In such cases, the shellfish have to be removed for depuration before placing on the market in order to protect public health or in a small number of cases cannot be harvested. |
Algal toxins |
Algal toxins from phytoplankton can contaminate seafood. The phytoplankton which are the source of the toxins occur naturally in UK waters. Controls are in place, including occasional closures, to protect public health. No shellfish harvesting in Region 8. Algal toxins were not addressed in CP1. |



